Update on stats 2021-02

Viktor Dukhovni ietf-dane at dukhovni.org
Mon Mar 1 02:36:14 CET 2021


Summary:  The DANE domain count is now 2,568,169 (up from 2,544,101
          last month).

          The number of domains that return DNSSEC-validated replies in
          response to MX queries is 14,288,417 (up from 13,923,656 last
          month).  Thus DANE TLSA is deployed on ~17.97% of domains with
          DNSSEC.

              https://stats.dnssec-tools.org/

          The Let's Encrypt Issuer CA switch from X3/X4 to R3/R4 has
          taken place, and all previously issued X3-issued certificates
          are now expired.  If you're still publishing the X3 hash in
          your TLSA RRSet, it is best removed:

              http://dnssec-stats.ant.isi.edu/~viktor/x3hosts.html

Credits:  The coverage of DNSSEC domains continues to improve with
	  ongoing data support from Paul Vixie of Farsight Security.
	  Credits also due to ICANN for gTLD data via CZDS, and to
	  the TLD registries for .CH, .COM, .DK, .FR, .INFO, .IS, .LI,
	  .NL, .NU, .ORG and .SE.  More data sources of ccTLD
	  signed delegations welcome.

As of today I count 2,568,169 domains with correct SMTP DANE TLSA
records at every primary MX host that accepts connections[1].  As
expected, the bulk of the DANE domains are hosted by the DNS/email
hosting providers who've enabled DANE support for the customer domains
they host.  The top 20 MX host providers by domain count are below.

  This month                   Last month
  ----------                   ----------
  1219827 one.com              1205788 one.com            
   148553 transip.nl            147619 transip.nl         
   147435 argewebhosting.nl     146775 argewebhosting.nl  
   104178 domeneshop.no         103761 domeneshop.no      
   102904 infomaniak.ch          99912 infomaniak.ch      
    99738 webhostingserver.nl    99338 webhostingserver.nl
    92884 loopia.se              92519 loopia.se          
    67647 forpsi.com             67146 forpsi.com         
    41221 active24.com           40970 webreus.nl         
    40647 webreus.nl             40962 active24.com       
    39035 pcextreme.nl           39427 pcextreme.nl       
    36298 antagonist.nl          35906 antagonist.nl      
    33417 zxcs.nl                32396 zxcs.nl            
    29790 vevida.com             30001 vevida.com         
    27967 webhosting.dk          27989 webhosting.dk      
    26531 web4u.cz               26427 web4u.cz           
    25882 udmedia.de             25822 udmedia.de         
    18695 bhosted.nl             18607 bhosted.nl         
    16210 protonmail.ch          15356 protonmail.ch      
    14555 onebit.cz              14474 onebit.cz          

The real numbers are surely larger, because I don't have access to the
full zone data for most ccTLDs, especially .no/.cz/.de/.eu/.be.
Speaking of countries, the IPv4 GeoIP distribution of DANE-enabled MX
hosts shows the below top 20 countries (each unique IP address is
counted, so multi-homed MX hosts are perhaps somewhat over-represented).

  This month               Last month
  ----------               ----------
  8200 TOTAL               8033 TOTAL             
  2467 DE, Germany         2432 DE, Germany       
  1591 US, United States   1542 US, United States 
  1567 NL, Netherlands     1524 NL, Netherlands   
   632 FR, France           635 FR, France        
   302 GB, United Kingdom   294 GB, United Kingdom
   225 CZ, Czechia          221 CZ, Czechia       
   190 CA, Canada           175 CA, Canada        
   144 FI, Finland          142 FI, Finland       
   119 DK, Denmark          120 DK, Denmark       
   114 SG, Singapore        113 SG, Singapore     
    94 CH, Switzerland       96 CH, Switzerland   
    92 SE, Sweden            87 SE, Sweden        
    71 AU, Australia         69 AU, Australia     
    63 AT, Austria           66 AT, Austria       
    38 PL, Poland            37 IN, India         
    37 JP, Japan             36 PL, Poland        
    36 RU, Russia            35 IE, Ireland       
    36 IE, Ireland           35 BR, Brazil        
    36 BR, Brazil            34 JP, Japan         
    33 NO, Norway            31 NO, Norway        

IPv6 is less common than IPv4 for MX hosts, and the top 20 countries by
DANE MX host IPv6 GeoIP are:

  This month               Last month
  ----------               ----------
  6537 TOTAL               6444 TOTAL             
  3203 NL, Netherlands     3179 NL, Netherlands   
  1682 DE, Germany         1639 DE, Germany       
   641 US, United States    618 US, United States 
   280 FR, France           283 FR, France        
   145 CZ, Czechia          131 CZ, Czechia       
   123 GB, United Kingdom   122 GB, United Kingdom
    49 CA, Canada            52 CA, Canada        
    44 CH, Switzerland       43 CH, Switzerland   
    42 SE, Sweden            43 AT, Austria       
    42 AT, Austria           40 SG, Singapore     
    39 SG, Singapore         38 SE, Sweden        
    26 FI, Finland           26 AU, Australia     
    23 AU, Australia         22 RU, Russia        
    21 JP, Japan             20 IE, Ireland       
    17 IE, Ireland           18 JP, Japan         
    17 DK, Denmark           18 FI, Finland       
    15 NO, Norway            18 DK, Denmark       
    14 BR, Brazil            17 UA, Ukraine       
    13 RU, Russia            16 NO, Norway        
    10 PL, Poland            12 BR, Brazil        

There are 6,612 unique zones (6,428 last month) in which the underlying
MX hosts are found.  This counts each of the above providers as just one
zone, so is a measure of the breadth of adoption in terms of
organizations deploying DANE SMTP.

The number of published MX host TLSA RRsets found is 14,671 (14,448 last
month).  These cover 14,882 distinct MX hosts (14,652 last month, some
MX hosts share the same TLSA records through CNAMEs).

The number of DANE domains that at some point were listed in Gmail's
email transparency report is 449 (this is my ad-hoc criterion for a
domain being a large-enough actively used email domain).  Of these, 283
are in recent (last 90 days of) reports (see [2] below my signature).

Of the ~2.57 million domains, 12,871 (12,995 last month) have "partial"
TLSA records, that cover only a subset of the (secondary) MX hosts.
While this protects traffic to some of the MX hosts, such domains are
still vulnerable to the usual active attacks via the remaining MX hosts.

The number of domains with incorrect TLSA records or failure to offer
STARTTLS (even though TLSA records are published) stands today at 1028
(1229 last month).  Some of these have additional MX hosts that don't
have broken TLSA records, so mail can still arrive via the remaining MX
hosts.

To avoid email outages, please make sure to monitor the validity of your
own TLSA records, and implement a reliable key rotation procedure.  See:

    https://dane.sys4.de/common_mistakes
    https://github.com/internetstandards/toolbox-wiki/blob/master/DANE-for-SMTP-how-to.md
    https://mail.sys4.de/pipermail/dane-users/2018-February/000440.html
    https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/please-avoid-3-0-1-and-3-0-2-dane-tlsa-records-with-le-certificates/7022/17
    https://mail.sys4.de/pipermail/dane-users/2017-August/000417.html
    https://github.com/baknu/DANE-for-SMTP/wiki/2.-Implementation-resources

    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7671#section-8.1
    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7671#section-8.4

After eliminating parked domains that do not accept email, the number of
"real" email domains with bad DNSSEC support stands at 1298 (940 last
month).  The top 10 name server operators with problem domains are:

  This month                  Last month
  ----------                  ----------
  439 registrar-servers.com   405 registrar-servers.com  
  119 movenext.nl             119 movenext.nl            
   93 ebola.cz                 86 ebola.cz               
   46 axc.nl                   35 criscompinformatika.hu 
   45 made-easy.ch             33 epik.com               
   39 epik.com                 31 mijndomein.nl          
   34 mijndomein.nl            25 tiscomhosting.nl       
   26 tiscomhosting.nl         24 eatserver.nl           
   22 eatserver.nl             18 cloudflare.com         
   19 infracom.nl              17 infracom.nl            

If anyone has good contacts at some of these providers, please encourage
them to remediate not only the broken domains (I can send them a list),
but also the root cause that makes the breakage possible.

Six of the domains all whose nameservers have broken denial of
existence appear in the last 120 days of Google transparency reports:

  coren-sp.gov.br
  trt1.jus.br
  bncr.fi.cr
  ofda.gov
  ticketspy.nl
  sauditelecom.com.sa

--
      Viktor.

[1] Some domains deliberately include MX hosts that are always down,
presumably as a hurdle to botnet SMTP code that gives up where real MTAs
might persist.  I am not a fan of this type of defence (it can also
impose undue latency on legitimate email).  However, provided the dead
hosts still have TLSA records, (which don't need to match anything, just
need to exist and be well-formed) there's no loss of security.

[2] DANE domains appearing in last 90 days of Google Email transparency
reports:

  univie.ac.at                  lrz.de                   hr.nl
  gmx.at                        mail.de                  interim-netwerk.nl
  triodos.be                    mailserver4.de           introweb.nl
  register.bg                   mensa.de                 mailplus.nl
  clubedohardware.com.br        mpg.de                   markteffectmail.nl
  outeletro.com.br              posteo.de                mijnhypotheekonline.nl
  nic.br                        ruhr-uni-bochum.de       mijnsalon.nl
  registro.br                   stwm.de                  mijnuvt.nl
  gmx.ch                        tum.de                   minbuza.nl
  hostpoint.ch                  uni-erlangen.de          minbzk.nl
  infomaniak.ch                 uni-muenchen.de          mindef.nl
  open.ch                       unitybox.de              minienw.nl
  protonmail.ch                 unitymedia.de            mkbbelangen.nl
  switch.ch                     web.de                   mm1.nl
  travailler-en-suisse.ch       westlotto.de             ns.nl
  simplelogin.co                dk-hostmaster.dk         ouderportaal.nl
  connectsb.com                 egmontpublishing.dk      overheid.nl
  dailyplaylists.com            labelking.dk             parlement.nl
  datev.com                     netic.dk                 partijvoordedieren.nl
  ecstase.com                   nota.dk                  pathe.nl
  flaneurhomme.com              nst.dk                   politie.nl
  fmc-na.com                    peterhald.dk             powerslim.nl
  gmx.com                       powerhosting.dk          pp-prd.nl
  habr.com                      star.dk                  previder.nl
  horagames.com                 uvm.dk                   rijksoverheid.nl
  hotelsinduitsland.com         tilburguniversity.edu    rotterdam.nl
  imcnig.com                    emta.ee                  ru.nl
  infomaniak.com                lugeja.ee                rvo.nl
  ingthink.com                  rmit.ee                  sans-mail.nl
  intakt.com                    envie.email              schoudercom.nl
  jula.com                      spike.email              schuurman-schoenen.nl
  kpn.com                       spotler.email            sportrusten.nl
  leszexpertsfle.com            rediris.es               ssonet.nl
  mail.com                      triodos.es               stater.nl
  mammoetmail.com               uv.es                    telefoonglaasje.nl
  matilhadobemadestramento.com  litebit.eu               triodos.nl
  one.com                       transadvise.eu           truetickets.nl
  protonmail.com                zone.eu                  tweedekamer.nl
  protonvpn.com                 zonevs.eu                uitgeverijpica.nl
  sankakucomplex.com            traficom.fi              utwente.nl
  societe.com                   ac-strasbourg.fr         uvt.nl
  solvinity.com                 bloctel.fr               uwv.nl
  stater.com                    compagnie-des-sens.fr    vu.nl
  stellarequipment.com          srci.fr                  waternet.nl
  t-2.com                       fidesz.hu                webcentral.nl
  thalesgroup.com               interestexplorer.io      wehkampfinance.nl
  thepcw.com                    pm.me                    xs4all.nl
  triodos.com                   dla.mil                  zorgmail.nl
  ugritone.com                  jten.mil                 annabellstefanussen.no
  vanderkam.com                 mail.mil                 audi.no
  veganallsorts.com             militaryonesource.mil    derute.no
  vitstore.com                  navy.mil                 domeneshop.no
  webmailph.com                 nga.mil                  handelsbanken.no
  xfinity.com                   osd.mil                  idrettenonline.no
  xfinityhomesecurity.com       socom.mil                leadmail.no
  xfinitymobile.com             uscg.mil                 nordicprint.no
  active24.cz                   usmc.mil                 norskgrammatikk.no
  akce-incomputer.cz            comcast.net              rushtrampoline.no
  amenit.cz                     gmx.net                  uib.no
  bewooden.cz                   habramail.net            viphuset.no
  cuni.cz                       hr-manager.net           atelkamera.nu
  flagranti.cz                  inexio.net               goget.nu
  gigalekarna.cz                mijngezondheid.net       lenhud.nu
  hellspy.cz                    mpssec.net               debian.org
  isportsystem.cz               procurios.net            freebsd.org
  itesco.cz                     prolocation.net          gentoo.org
  klenotyaurum.cz               ripe.net                 ietf.org
  klubpevnehozdravi.cz          riseup.net               isc.org
  manymail.cz                   t-2.net                  mailbox.org
  nic.cz                        transip.net              mailop.org
  omvnovinky.cz                 triodos.net              netbsd.org
  onebit.cz                     xs4all.net               openssl.org
  optimail.cz                   amsterdam.nl             ozlabs.org
  poptavej.cz                   argewebhosting.nl        samba.org
  reserved.cz                   arrangementenparade.nl   torproject.org
  smtp.cz                       awcloud.nl               whatpulse.org
  stoklasa.cz                   belastingdienst.nl       asf.com.pt
  toplist.cz                    bhosted.nl               bilprovningen.se
  vas-server.cz                 bhsupport.nl             boplatssyd-automail.se
  vcelka.cz                     bluerail.nl              ecster.se
  virusfree.cz                  boeketcadeau.nl          handelsbanken.se
  zdravestravovani.cz           boekwinkeltjes.nl        loopia.se
  agdsn.de                      boozyshop.nl             minmyndighetspost.se
  bayern.de                     burgernet.nl             nordicprint.se
  brandenburg.de                cbr.nl                   personligalmanacka.se
  bund.de                       chipbizz.nl              polisen.se
  bundesregierung.de            corpoflow.nl             skatteverket.se
  datev.de                      derooijfotografie.nl     teknikdelar.se
  dfn.de                        dictu.nl                 theletter.se
  ekom21.de                     digid.nl                 pneusvet.sk
  elster.de                     duo.nl                   triodos.co.uk
  fau.de                        etz.nl                   govtrack.us
  freenet.de                    ezorg.nl                 quantum-services.us
  gmx.de                        hetamsterdamsverbond.nl  ru.ac.za
  jpberlin.de


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